参考书目:@扇贝考研训练营

我的作文模板

开头段:

点明描述对象

The chart / graph / table illustratues …

交代数据细节

A(n) + 形容词(dramatic) + 趋势名词(rise) + was seen in + 描述对象 (house prices in China.)

进行数据比较

…., while / whereas ….

主体段:

There are two / three / several resasons to explain this phenomenon.

First and foremost, …. Another possible / primary cause is (that) …. Most important of all, …

结尾段:

As what is mentioned above, it is concluded that ….

It is expected that + 描述对象 + will

It is suggested / imperative that …

Preface:

在我看来,一篇英语作文的高与低,好与坏,不在于你对题目的角度有多新颖,思想有多好;而在于你对于一个观点的表述能力,这是他区别于语文作文 的不同之处。因此,华丽的词藻、复杂的句式,是英语作文得以获得高分的一大原因。

因此,不管写什么,几种倒装结构和强调句结构直接往上堆,分一般不会低。

想要写出一篇高分英语作文,最快捷的途径就是模仿(imitate)。

不过模仿的方式,不是直接背诵高分作文(我不否认这样做或许会有点效果),而是去背诵行文思路,和背诵好词好句。

说的简单一点,就是找到一篇高分英语作文,先 中译英,再 英译中

中译英 学习 写什么英译中 学习 怎么写

关于英二大作文

英一大作文多是 图画类作文,英二大作文多是 图表类作文

因此本篇主要讲述关于如何写 图表类作文

$GLHF$

解读图表

明确对象

即这是一个什么类型的图表,以及图表描述的是一个什么数据

常见 图表类型 总结:

  1. 折线图line graph
  2. 柱状图bar/column chart
  3. 饼状图pie chart
  4. 表格table

明确时间

图表中包含的时间,决定了我们描述图表时的 时态

一般 有时间信息 的图表,多是过去的时间,故描述时用 一般过去时

而对 没有时间信息 的图表,描述时就 默认一般现在时

挑选数据

这个不用多解释,作文不可能让你把整个图表的方方面面都分析到位

我们只需抓住重点进行描述,即 最大值最小值起点终点

开头段

开头段的框架

  1. 点名描述对象
    用一句话对整个图表所反应的内容进行概括(可以通过改写标题来实现)
  2. 交代数据细节
    挑选数据 时提到的 重点信息,对他们进行额外的描述

基础表达

数字以及时间

(1)目测数据

roughly / appoximately +  数字(大约)

just over / just under + 基准数值(比 ··· 略高/略低)

(2)一段时间 t1 ~ t2

from t1 to t2

between t1 and t2

during the entire period (在整个时期)

throughout the period (在整个时期)

during the same period (在同一时期)

变化趋势类词汇

(1)上升下降

  1. 上升:rise,increase,grow
  2. 下降:fall,decrease,drop,decline

表示上升下降时,都是不及物动词,不能做被动语态

(2)保持不变

stay / remain unchanged;(unchanged -> stable / steady / constant)

stay / remain at the same level

maintain the same level

变化速率类词汇

(1)较大幅度的变化

大的:significant, substantial, considerable (considerably)

急剧的:steep, sharp, drastic (drastically), dramatic (dramatically)

明显的:notable (notably), noticeable (noticeably), markde, remarkable

(2)中等幅度的变化

逐渐的:gradual

持续的:steady

适度的:moderate

(3)较小幅度的变化

slight, minimal, marginal

词性搭配:变化趋势 + 变化速率

【v. + adv.】

grow sharply; rise steadily; drop slightly

【adj. + n.】

sharp growth; steady rise; slight drop

常用句型

描述数据趋势

描述对象 + v. + adv.
描述对象 + saw a(n) + adj. + n.

【例】中国房价在 2010 至 2018 年期间飞速上升。
【译】 Between 2010 and 2018, house prices in China rose dramatically.
【译】 From 2010 to 2018, house prices in China saw a dramatic rise.

There was a(n) + adj. + n. + in + 描述对象
时间 / 地点 + saw a(n) + adj. + n. + in + 描述对象
A(n) + adj. + n. + was seen in + 描述对象

【例】中国房价在 2010 至 2018 年期间飞速上升。
【译】 There's a dramatic rise in house prices in China from 2010 to 2018.
【译】 The 2010-2018 period saw a dramatic rise in house prices in China.
【译】 China saw a dramatic rise in house prices from 2010 to 2018.
【译】 A dramatic rise was seen in house prices in China from 2010 to 2018.

描述具体数据

上升/下降 N:v. / n. + to N

【例】留学生人数上升到了 100 万。
【译】The number of students studying abroad increased to 1 million.
【译】There was an increase to 1 million in the number of students studying abroad.

上升/下降 N:v. + by Nn. + of N

【例】留学生人数上升了 100 万。
【译】The number of students studying abroad increased by 1 million.
【译】There was an increase of 1 million in the number of students studying abroad.

保持在 / 处于 N:stay / remain / stand + at N

【例】留学生人数稳定在 100 万上下。
【译】The number of students studying abroad stayed/remained/stood at 1 million.

进行数据比较

一句话内:A, while / whereas B.

两句话间:A. By / In contrast, B.

【例】美国的失业率上升,中国的失业率下降。
【译】The rate of unemployment in the US rose, while/whereas the jobless rate in Chinal fell.
【译】The rate of unemployment in the US rose. By/In contrast, the jobless rate in Chinal fell.

图表类作文第一段非常的 套路,这几种固定的表达也不用死记硬背,一开始写的时候可以照着上面抄,抄着抄着慢慢的就一定会写了。

主体段

写作框架

  1. 总起句
  2. 分论点
    1. 原因一(必写)
    2. 原因二(必写)
    3. 原因三(可选)

一般按照 先总后分 的顺序来写。

首先,通过一句 总起句,告之读者该 主体段 的写作目的:分析原因

进而提出若干的 分论点,列举可能的原因并加以论述。

在分析具体原因的时候,可以围绕人的需求写。

  1. 物质需求 (人对基本生活用品及自身安全保障的需求)
  2. 精神需求 (主要包括情感归属、社交娱乐及自我实现三个方面)

具体可以参照 马斯洛需求层次理论 来分析(真是自高中以来都考他看问题)。

也可以从一些客观角度来看,如社会、经济、科技、政府等因素。

功能句型

总起句

The contributors to this phenomenon are twofold / threefold / as follows.
造成这一现象的原因有两个 / 三个 / 如下。

Two / Three / Some possible factors may cause this phenomenon.
两个 / 三个 / 某些因素可能造成了这一现象。

There are two / three / several reasons to explain this phenomenon.
有两个 / 三个 / 几个原因可以解释这一现象

分论点的衔接

The first and foremost reason is (that) ... 首要的原因是 ···

One possible reason is (that) ... 一个可能的原因是 ···

One of the main / major reasons is (that) ... 主要的原因可能是 ···

Another possible / primary cause is (that) ... 另一个可能 / 主要的原因是 ···

The most important contributor is (that) ... 最重要的原因是 ···

主题段的模板就这么点,且剩下要读者补充的部分,才是一篇英语作文的核心部分

虽然那部分没有固定模板,但可以通过我在开头说过的 中英中 方法进行学习锻炼

结尾段

写作框架

结尾段核心就是 归纳总结

  1. 总结前文内容
  2. 预测未来趋势
  3. 提出建议措施

往往后两点任选其一即可

总结前文比较简单,一般就是 重申原因 或者 改写论点

预测未来趋势则需要分情况:

  1. 图表反应的是 正面、积极 现象,那么预测 数据结果仍会持续

  2. 图表反应的是 负面、消极 现象,那么预测 数据可能会发生一定的变化

提出措施建议也分情况:

  1. 图表反应的是 正面、积极 现象,那么应该想办法加以 鼓励和倡导

  2. 图表反应的是 负面、消极 现象,那么应该想办法予以 改进和完善

真题中暂时没考到过负面的

具体建议和措施,可以用 扇贝经典 5W1H 分析法来思考

  1. Who 谁来解决 — 有赖谁的参与 / 需要依靠谁的力量
  2. How 怎么去解决 — 总体措施 + 具体做法
  3. Why 为何能解决 — 措施起到的作用 / 做法带来的效果

一般常见措施:

  1. 个人 — 严于律己
  2. 政府 — 政策立法
  3. 企业 — 赚钱行善
  4. 学校 / 家庭 — 教育引导
  5. 媒体 — 推广宣传

功能句型

总结前文

As what is mentioned above, we can safely say that ...
正如上文中提到的,我们可以有把握地说 ···

All in all, it is clear / not difficult to see (that) ...
总而言之,可以清楚地看出 / 不难看出 ···

预测未来趋势

sth. + be expected to ...

It is expected that + sth. + will ...

提出措施建议

What sb. should do is to do sth. 某人应该做的事情是 ···

sb. can / could do sth. by doing sth. 某人通过做某事能 ···

It is suggested / imperative that ... 建议某人 ··· / 当务之急是 ···

常用表达

个人—严于律己

build into good habits 养成良好的行为习惯

conform to the code of ethics 遵守社会道德规范

set up correct world view, values and outlook on life 树立正确的 “三观”

continuously pursue self-fulfillment 不断追求自我实现

政府—政策立法

formulate and implement policies 制定贯彻落实政策

incentive measures 奖励措施

financail support 资金支持;fiscal subsides 财政补贴

reduce and exempt taxes 减免税收

punitive measures 处罚措施

impose fines on sb. 罚款

levy taxes on sb. 征税

give sb. a sentence 判刑

企业—赚钱行善

invest more in research and development (R&D) 加大研发投入

satisfy the needs of consumers 满足消费者需求

create jobs positions 创造就业岗位

offer employment opportunities 提供就业机会

help the government tackle problems 帮助政府排忧解难

optimize the salary system 优化薪酬体系

reinforce job security 加强职业安全感

学校 / 家庭—教育引导

set up lectures / courses 开设讲座

organize on-campus and off-campus activities 组织校内外活动

class meeting with a special theme 主题班会

knowledge contest 知识竞赛;socail practice 社会实践

seve as a role model 以身作则

instruct and influence sb. by one's words and deeds 言传身教

set an example for sb. to follow 树立榜样

媒体—推广宣传

shoot and produce public service advertisements 创作拍摄公益广告

draw / attract wide public attention ; raise widespread public concern
引起公众的广泛关注

deepen one's understanding of / about 加深对 ··· 的认识

raise / strengthen one's awareness of 提高对 ··· 的认识

2011_Writing_PartB

中文思路

开头段:

  1. 这张柱状图比较了 2008 和 2009 年三类汽车品牌在国内市场中的占比情况。
  2. 国产品牌的市场份额大幅上升了约 7%,而日系品牌的市场份额则从略低于 35% 显著下降到了 25% 略高一点,降幅近 10%。
  3. 美系品牌的这一数字几乎保持不变,这两年均维持在 13% 上下。

主体段:

  1. 国产汽车品牌卓越的市场表现可以归结为下列因素。
  2. 首先,相比于国外汽车的高价格,国产汽车的价格相对可以承受,对普通的中国消费者而言更有吸引力。
  3. 另外一个重要的原因是,中国的汽车制造商通过加大创新和研发投入,已经缩小了与外国竞争者之间的技术差距。
  4. 这打破了国产汽车质量不如外国汽车的传统偏见,并赢得了国内消费者越来越多的认可。

结尾段:

  1. 预计在未来一段时间内,国产汽车品牌仍将维持良好的发展势头。
  2. 建议政府出台优惠政策并为国内汽车生产商提供财政支持,以提升其产品的核心竞争力。

英文范文

开头段:

(点名描述对象)

  1. The bar chart compares the percentage of three car brands in the domestic market between 2008 nad 2009.

(交代数据细节)

  1. There was a steep rise of approximately 7% in the market share of native-owned brands, while that of Japanese brands declined noticeably by nearly 10%, from just under 35% to just over 25%.

(交代数据细节)

  1. The figure for American brands remained almost constant, at around 13% in both years.

主体段:

(总起句)

  1. There are two reasons to explain the extraordinary market performance of native-owned car brands.

  2. First and foremost, the affordable price of domestically made cars is more appealing to average consumers in China when compared with the high price of foreign cars.

  3. Another primary cause is that Chinese auto manufactures have managed to narrow the technology gap with their foreign competitors by increasing investment in innovation and research and developemnt.

  4. This has broken the traditional stereotype that homemade cars are inferior in quality to their foreign counterparts, and has won growing recognition from domestic consumers.

结尾段:

(预测未来趋势)

  1. It is expected that native-owned car brands will maintain a sound momentum of development for some time in the future.

(提出建议措施)

  1. What the government should do is to introduce preferential policies and provide financial support to domestic auto producers to boost the core competitiveness of their products.

2017_Writing_PartB

中文思路

开头段:

  1. 这张折线图比较了中国博物馆的数量及其参观人数在 2013 至 2015 年之间的变化。

  2. 2013 年中国有 4165 家博物馆,这一数字上升到了 2015 年的 4697 家。

  3. 同一时期,参观博物馆的人数也显著增加,从不足 6.4 亿人升至超过 7.8 亿人。

主体段:

  1. 这一现象是由以下因素造成的。
  2. 首先,博物馆是一个展示并保存成堆文物和古董的地方。
  3. 参观者可以通过亲眼目睹这些物件更好地了解当地的历史、文化、传统、风俗还有生活方式。
  4. 另一个主要原因是中国政府近些年来一直高度重视文化设施的建设,以丰富人们的精神生活。
  5. 在这种背景之下,许多新的博物馆在全国各地的城市落成也就不足为奇了。

结尾段:

  1. 综上所述,博物馆及其参观者的数字预计将持续增加。
  2. 建议各级政府加大对当地博物馆的资金投入,确保其向公众免费开放。

英文范文

开头段:

  1. The line graph compares the changes in the number of China’s museums and their visitors between 2013 and 2015.

  2. There were 4,165 museums in China in 2013 and this figure rose to 4,697 in 2015.

  3. The same period also saw a notable growth in the number of people who visited museums, up from just under 640 million to just over 780 million.

主体段:

  1. This phenomenon is caused by the following factors.

  2. First and foremost, a museum is a place where a collection of old relics and antique things are exhibited and conserved.

  3. Visitors can gain a better understanding of the local history, culture, traditions, customs as well as ways of life by seeing first-hand these objects.

  4. Another primary reason is that the Chinese government has been attaching great importance to the construction of cultural facilities in recent years to enrich peoples’s spiritual life.

  5. Against this background, it is no wonder that many new museums have been built in cities across the country.

结尾段:

  1. As what is mentioned above, the figures for museums and their visitors are expected to continue growing.
  2. It is suggested that governments at all levels increase funding for local museums to ensure that they are free and open to the public.

2013_Writing_PartB

中文思路

开头段:

  1. 这张柱状图显示了某高校学生参加兼职工作的比例。
  2. 接近 68% 的大一新生做兼职,大二和大三学生的这一数字小幅升至 72% 不到一点。
  3. 兼职者的比例在大四毕业生中最高,略多于 88%。

主体段
4. 有两个主要原因可以解释这一现象。

  1. 首先,就业竞争正变得越来越激烈。
  2. 通过兼职工作,大学生能够获得一些未来职场所需的动手技能和实践经验
  3. 这将有助于他们在如今竞争激烈的就业市场中脱颖而出。
  4. 另一个关键因素是兼职工作为大学生提供了一个额挣钱的途径,这可以减轻他们家庭的经济负担,尤其是那些农村家庭。

结尾段

  1. 综上所述,大学期间从事兼职工作的学生比例在可预见的未来估计仍将会上升。
  2. 他们应该做的就是努力平衡好学业与打工之间的关系。

英文范文

开头段:

  1. The bar chart illustrates the percentage of students at a certain university who take part-time jobs.

  2. Nearly 68% of freshmen work part-time and this figure rises slightly to just under 72% for those in their second and third year of college.

  3. The proportion of part-timers is highest among graduating students, at just over 88%.

主体段:

  1. There are two major reasons to explain this phenomenon.

  2. First and foremost, the competition for jobs is becoming increasingly intense.

  3. By doing part-time work, undergraduates are able to gain some hands-on skills and practical experience required for the future workplace.

  4. This would help them stand out in today’s highly competitive job market.

  5. Another key contributor is that working on a part-time basis serves as a way for undergraduates to earn extra money, which could ease the financial burden on their families, especially those in rural areas.

结尾段:

  1. As what is mentioned above, the proportion of students engaging in part-time jobs during college is expected to increase in the foreseeable future.

  2. What they should do is to spare no effort to strike a balance between academic study and part-time work.

2014_Writing_PartB

中文思路

开头段:

  1. 这张柱状图比较了 20 年间中国城乡人口的变化。

  2. 城镇人口从 1990 年的 3 亿人大幅上升到了 2010 年的 6.8 亿人左右,乡村人口则在同一时期从大约 8.2 亿人逐步下降 到了不足 7 亿人。

主体段:

  1. 导致中国城市化的主要原因如下。

  2. 首先,生活在城市既舒适又方便。

  3. 我这么说的意思是,城市居民往往享有更好的住房条件、更优质的医疗保健服务、更丰富的教育资源。

  4. 这满足了他们内心追求更高生活质量的渴望。

  5. 此外,高铁技术的最新进展促使越来越多的农村人来到城市寻找工作并定居在那里。

结尾段:

  1. 总之,结论是城市生活的巨大便利和铁路运输系统的快速发展导致了中国城市化进程的加快。

  2. 预计这一趋势在未来数年内将会继续。

英文范文

开头段:

  1. The column chart compares the changes in China’s population in urban and rural areas over a 20 year period.
  2. While its urban population saw a dramatic rise from 300 million in 1990 to roughly 680 milion in 2010, its rural population fell steadily from approximately 820 million to just under 700 million during the same period.

主体段:

  1. The main causes of urbanization in China are as follows.
  2. To begin with, it is comfortable and convenient to live in cities.
  3. By this I mean that urban residents tend to enjoy better housing conditions, superior healthcare services and richer educational resources.
  4. This satisfies their inner desire to pursue a higher quality of life.
  5. In addition, recent advances in high speed rail technology have prompted an increasing number of people in the countryside to come to cities to look for jobs and then settle down there.

结尾段:

  1. As mentioned above, it is concluded that the great convenience of city life and the rapid development of railway transport systems have contributed to the acceleration of China’ s urbanization process.
  2. It is expected that this trend will continue in the years ahead.